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[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
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MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

Page 62 of 66 1 … 61 62 63 … 66
\n

Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on\u00a0War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen \u00a0<\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Katalin Cseh <\/strong><\/a>, Vice-President of Renew Europe Group and member of Foreign Affairs Committee , MEP Marc Tarabella <\/strong>member of Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group and Vice-Chair of delegation to relation with the\u00a0 Arab Peninsula; and MEP Barry\u00a0 Andrews<\/strong> , members of Renew Europe Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Katalin Csehstarted the webinar stating that we can see there is an unsuccessful Arab Spring transition that has escalated to a heated local conflict and a long-run war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Katalin stated that the effects are always devastating as this war has resulted in a very humanitarian crisis, leaving 80% of the population to be in a very cute need to humanitarian assistance in terms of food, health care, shelter and water. She also referred to the millions of population who been displaced that really reflects individual and groups suffering and tragedy. Besides, MEP Katalin highlighted the true suffering of women who are critically exposed to gender-based violence in addition to their long-distance travelling to secure a safe place for family away from the conflict spots; and to the continuous tragedy of children there who are born and raised in poverty and deprived of their normal life, simply because they have become victims of violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shedding light on the most Important  paragraphs about the situation in Yemen, Mep Marc Tarabella started his intervention saying that the situation in Yemen is the most grave in the world during the last 30 years, causing tragedies in lives of millions of people, particularly children who are not fighters there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Tarabella referred to paragraph 12 which says that EU-based arms exporters are not complying with several criteria or legally abiding council common position on arms export especially to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to Paragraph 13 in which the Parliament notes the decision of a number of member states to impose export ban to Saudi Arabia and stresses that weapon export remains a national competence of the member states; and calls and member states to halt the export of arms to these two countries for what is committed of crimes in Yemen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr.Tarabella moved to talk about Paragraph 27 where the European Parliament confirms its commitment to fight against impunity for crimes of wars and crimes against humanity including in Yemen; and individual responsibility of committing war crimes should be prosecuted and brough to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talking about the human rights situation accountability and role of international actors; Mep Barry Andros reaffirms that the situation in Yemen is the worst in the Planet where a lot of war crimes have been recorded by the UNGEE; targeting civilians, hospitals, schools, markets, weddings, and even funerals; it is a true violation of international human rights law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mep Barry referred to the practices of accountability systems in Syria and Yemen. In Syria, there are many mechanism to gather evidence, to develop prosecution cases, and to obtain witness statements, but the same does not exist in Yemen which is a reflection of ambivalent attitude of the west to this war. Mr. Barry also added  that so much efforts need to be put in favour of proving justice to the victims of the war crimes.      <\/p>\n","post_title":"MEPs Seminar Briefing: War Crimes and Accountability in Yemen","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"meps-seminar-briefing-war-crimes-and-accountability-in-yemen","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4416","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4272,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_date_gmt":"2021-03-10 10:09:35","post_content":"\n

On Thursday, corresponding to 04.02.2021,  Democracy Centre for Transparency hosted a webinar on Migration to Europe. <\/strong>The webinar was attended by MEP Laura Ferrara<\/strong>, member of five stars movement and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen<\/strong>, member of Renew Europe Group and member of committee on civil liberties, justice and home affairs, and Ms. Vera Goeminne<\/strong>, human rights activist in refugees and migrants issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The webinar tackled different aspects including Relation between Home Security and migration, terrorist attacks and its implications on migration, migration and islamophobia, and inclusion of migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura Ferrara kicked the webinar off asserting that fear of terrorist attacks and massive flow of refugees have brought two ideas to public debate:  Asylum seekers are potentially subject to recruitment in terrorist radicalization; and migration is a back door for terrorists to Europe. Mrs. Ferrara further clarified that the increasing focus of migration as a security issue is problematic as it  jeopardizes the rights of asylum seekers and hinders the inclusion of migrants and refugees in the European society due to islamophobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Laura referred to that  fighting terrorism is a key priority of the of the European Union  since terrorism is a major threat that exploits the power against our civilians. In addition to the devastating consequences against individual rights and fireroom, terrorism destabilizes governments; undermines the civil society, jeopardizes peace, threatens social and economic development; and destroys the social fabric.  For these reasons, the EU commission has renewed  the counter-terrorism agenda looking for better anticipation and prevention of  terrorism attacks  and combat crime. MEP Ferrara added<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Jan- Christoph Oetjen started his speech confirming that figures can easily show that link between migration and home security is not that strong.   Reviewing some figures in Germany  , there are 13000 people belonging sympathising with Islamic terrorist organisations. In the same time, we can count  3200 identifying the extreme right wing and  33000 for the extreme left groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mr. Oetjen explained that If you compare the number of people identify extremists, they are much less than people who represent extreme right or left wings. Concerning crimes committed by extremism motivation, we can count 1500 crimes committed by the people from foreign nationalities, 6000 crimes by extreme left people, and 21 000 crimes by people identifying the extreme right wing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MEP Oeten that  Let me emphasize that racism and xenophobia are the most important challenges easily because the extreme rights people are there they are growing. Extreme parties mix between terrorism and migration, claiming they are fighting both and this claim is a quickly linked mindset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Vera Geominne started her contribution confirming that most  people do not know what terrorism is that why they always connect it to migration; we can not say every migrant is a terrorist. So many people immigrate striving towards security, protection, food and a better life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terrorists mainly aim at demolishing the society and demoralise the population who tend to describe immigrants as terrorists simply because crimes are committed by some of them. We cannot overgeneralize it because immigrants have some bad seats in the society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to children of fighters in Syria, MS. Goeminne said  they cannot be left behind in miserable situations in camps in  Turkey as they would become terrorist if we do  not support their rights and needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the ends, she emphasized that refugees should be properly integrated in the society to achieve balance between their own culture and our culture. Unfortunately, some Muslims, who fail to integrate in our culture, are call called terrorists by the the extreme right groups in our society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","post_title":"Report on our Workshop -Migration to Europe","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"report-on-our-workshop-migration-to-europe","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4272","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4238,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-28 20:48:03","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

You may have heard this name: AVIRA. If you've heard it, you're one of the over 500 million people who have installed this free system on their computer today, particularly in Western Europe, which, according to the company, protects and cleans their customers' devices from 30 million viruses, footprints and Trojans per month[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact that this cyber defense system is free and is often already installed when you buy your computer is probably the key to success. After that, Avira finances itself with a number of more specialized products[2]<\/a>, even if there are no precise data on sales: According to the specialist magazine Owler, it is around 100 million euros[3]<\/a>, according to the magazine Digitalwelt around 70 million euros[4]<\/a> - much less than some of the competitors in the global market, but that's right that Avira prefers to have a large number of customers for free instead of just selling expensive products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But those who don't grow are lost in the global economy. As a result, in April 2020, Tjark Auerbach, the founder of Avira, which includes a dozen companies in Germany and at least as many worldwide, sold a share of almost 100% to Manama's Bahrain Investcorp group for $ 180 million[5]<\/a>. For Investcorp, this is not the first takeover in the cyber security sector, but it is certainly the most important[6]<\/a>. It is a multinational financial group whose ownership structure is extremely non-transparent, which is hidden by several offshore companies, almost all of which are based in the Cayman Islands, and whose turnover is also difficult to calculate. It is said to be around $ 31 billion[7]<\/a>, but the sum of sales across the group's various intervention sectors appears to be much larger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheiks behind Investcorp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Manama\u2019s skyscrapers, HQ of Investcorp<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you look at the list of Investcorp Directors, it's easy to identify the representatives of many of the most powerful families in the Middle East, from Saudi Arabia to Bahrain, from Oman to Qatar, from Kuwait to the United Arab Emirates. You might think that this is a mere financial instrument in which the Bahraini leading families have persuaded the main clans of the Persian Gulf to participate in impressive diversification within economies that have been dominated by oil and construction for decades[8]<\/a>. But it is an incomplete picture. Investcorp is a fundamental means of increasing and strengthening the political and military influence of some Middle Eastern countries on a global level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since March 2017, the main shareholder of Investcorp, with a 20% share of common and preferred shares, is the Mubadala Group, based in Abu Dhabi[9]<\/a>. This group was born in 2002 under the name Mubadala Development Company and has gradually developed into one of the most important industries in the entire Persian Gulf[10]<\/a>. The number 2 of the government of the United Arab Emirates, Mohammed biz Zayed Al-Nahyan, who has been the strong man of the UAE regime for years due to the serious health problems of the head of State (his older brother[11]<\/a>), is the leader of this group[12]<\/a>. Sheikh bin Zayed decided about a decade ago to bring his country's military, high-tech, chemical and aviation industries together under the Mubadala umbrella[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main reason is extremely political. After the popular uprisings known as the Arab Spring, the Gulf monarchies feared that what had happened in Egypt - that is, a riot on the streets that forced the government to fall and lead to democratic elections won by the Islamic Brotherhood (of which these monarchies are most afraid due to the political and religious ideology of this organization) could happen in their countries too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan created step by step a multi-billion-dollar giant of military technology and cyber security[14]<\/a>. But also a means of political action[15]<\/a>, since one of the group companies (which today changed its name to EDGE Group) has invested a billion euros in the French state investment fund LAC1, which owns the national debt of this country[16]<\/a>. It is therefore conceivable how much the opinion of Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, leader of the EDGE group, influences the management of everyday life in France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Sheikh headed one of his key employees, Faisal Al-Bannai, who in just two years brought his division's sales to $ 5 billion[17]<\/a>. Al-Bannai has his own way to reach this goal. He bought from the NSA one of the most advanced hacking systems in the world, DarkMatter, with which political opponents, leaders from other nations, journalists, artists and other system critics can be spied, controlled, tracked, intercepted[18]<\/a>. The team members, almost all of the former agents of the American secret services, quit after a few months and were startled by what EDGE Group and Mubadala were doing with this software[19]<\/a>. Five former employees say: \u201cThey used a cutting-edge tool called Karma, letting them break into iPhones around the world through a security flaw to steal emails, locations, text messages and photographs, said five former employees. Karma made it all too easy. Their target didn\u2019t even need to click on any link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017 it would be used again and again on hundreds of targets across the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey. Karma makes it all too easy. Your target didn't even have to click a link or download a virus. In 2016 and 2017, it would be used repeatedly for hundreds of destinations around the world, including the governments of Qatar, Yemen, Iran and Turkey\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter, Big Brother is now reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

DarkMatter\u2019s Headquarters in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some examples of what DarkMatter does. One: Hisham Almiraat, a Moroccan dissident, fled to Rouen, from where he led a network of criticists of the Rabat regime. DarkMatter infects all computers that receive messages from Almiraat and provides lists of the names of those still living and being arrested in Morocco[21]<\/a>. Two: On October 2, 2018, Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi was kidnapped, tortured and killed in the Saudi Embassy of Istanbul[22]<\/a>. When he entered this Embassy, a team of torturers were waiting for him, because DarkMatter followed him step by step[23]<\/a>. Three: Ahmed Mansoor is a critical activist against the Abu Dhabi regime. DarkMatter makes a copy of everything: email, phone calls, home and street conversations, photos of people meeting with him[24]<\/a>. He and his wife Nadia are arrested and tortured[25]<\/a>, and he has been sentenced to ten years of prison[26]<\/a>. Four: Since 2016, DarkMatter's Karma software controls everything around the Emir of Qatar, Tamin bin Hamad Al-Thani, his family and the most important companies in Doha[27]<\/a>. At the same time, the EDGE Group founded another company, CAGN Global, that works with mercenary soldiers (a private unit of Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, called R2[28]<\/a>) whose job is to organize attacks, kidnappings and assassinations abroad[29]<\/a>. Five: With the support of a team of Italian hackers, the Egyptian secret police persecuted, kidnapped and tortured several people suspected of criticizing the regime, including Italian student Giulio Regeni, who has been killed in Cairo between January and February 2016[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to European and American security experts, EDGE Group, Mubadala, DarkMatter and CAGN Global have prepared more than 350 arrests of opponents[31]<\/a> - people tortured in Abu Dhabi prisons, including influent personalities of the United Arab Emirates and members of the Saudi Arabian royal family. Now DarkMatter is planned to attack Qatar during the World Cup[32]<\/a> and, if possible, the murder of the Emir of Qatar[33]<\/a>...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is it acceptable for a German company, in such a delicate industrial sector, to fall into the hands of an investment fund, the majority of which is in the hands of this kind of gentlemen? What consequences can this political and military industry have for Avira's 500 million customers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is not everything. Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan founded an association that brings together the best brains in the Emirates, and elaborates political, diplomatic and military advice[34]<\/a>, and has a number of advisors that will make you shudder: dozens of powerful people from around the world, including the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel[35]<\/a>. This facility is called ECSSR (Emirates Center for Strategic Studies & Research) and is closely linked to Tawazun, Mubadala and the other military companies of the EDGE group. So tight that in August 2017, the ECSSR bank account was used to pay a bribe of $ 20 million for a weapons offer in the Emirates that was disguised as a contribution to environmental research[36]<\/a>. Is it acceptable that Ms. Merkel and Mr. Blair are on the official list of lecturers at this association?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/about-avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.avira.com\/en\/for-business<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.owler.com\/company\/avira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalwelt.org\/en\/tips\/antivirus\/avira-antivirus<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ictbusiness.it\/cont\/news\/avira-sara-comprata-dal-fondo-d-investimento-investcorp\/44274\/1.html#.Xxb7WedS_IW<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/technology\/444852-baharins-investcorp-acquires-german-cybersecurity-company-firm-avira<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/investcorp-acquires-germanys-leading-cybersecurity-company-avira\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.investcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Investcorp_CGR_2019.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/news\/investcorp-strengthens-shareholder-base-agreed-investment-mubadala-development-company<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/investcorp-bank-mubadala\/uaes-mubadala-completes-deal-to-take-20-pct-stake-in-investcorps-parent-idUSL5N1GP049<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/our-history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/uae-leader-returns-after-lengthy-unexplained-absence<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/02\/world\/middleeast\/crown-prince-mohammed-bin-zayed.html?module=inline<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mubadala.com\/en\/who-we-are\/corporate-structure<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cpifinancial.net\/wealth\/news\/abu-dhabi-plans-to-merge-defence-and-technology-companies<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.agefi.fr\/financements-marches\/actualites\/quotidien\/20200224\/fonds-d-abu-dhabi-investit-milliard-d-euros-dans-293982<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianbusiness.com\/banking-finance\/441096-uaes-mubadala-commits-to-invest-in-10bn-euro-french-fund<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/mubadala-france-investment-idUSL8N1NF5SS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.edrmagazine.eu\/edge-ceo-looking-at-expanding-opportunities-and-increasing-turnover<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.arabianaerospace.aero\/leading-edge.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/emiratesleaks.com\/en\/emirates-state-espionage-reality-enshrined-series-facts-scandals\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/26\/fear-this-man-cyber-warfare-hacking-team-david-vincenzetti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181112233122\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/12\/world\/middleeast\/jamal-khashoggi-killing-saudi-arabia.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009004244\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45775819<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-45812399<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-39416734<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2018\/05\/uae-activist-ahmed-mansoor-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-for-social-media-posts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Claire Finkelstein, Jens David Ohlin, Andrew Altman, \u201cTargeted killings: Law and morality in an asymmetrical world<\/em>\u201d, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012, page 370 ; https:\/\/m.jpost.com\/opinion\/behind-the-lines-hedging-bets-in-the-gulf-599427\/amp<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.protenders.com\/companies\/presidential-guard-command<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/revealed-mercenaries-commanding-uae-forces-yemen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/the-uae-s-covert-web-of-spies-hackers-and-mercenary-death-squads-23805<\/a> ; https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2017\/12\/21\/deep-pockets-deep-cover-the-uae-is-paying-ex-cia-officers-to-build-a-spy-empire-in-the-gulf\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/aramroston\/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-spying-raven-specialreport\/special-report-inside-the-uaes-secret-hacking-team-of-u-s-mercenaries-idUSKCN1PO19O<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-raven\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/investigates\/special-report\/usa-spying-karma\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.spraynews.it\/post\/spunta-un-azienda-di-software-italiana-nell-intrigo-spionistico-del-caso-khashoggi<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2018\/12\/09\/news\/khashoggi_wp_anche_una_societa_italiana_nella_cyber_guerra_saudita_per_catturare_il_giornalista_dissidente_-213789698\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/intelnews.org\/tag\/cagn-global-ltd\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2018\/03\/truppe-intelligence-ed-inquisitori-privati-per-le-monarchie-del-golfo\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.voltairenet.org\/mot116.html?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/reports-analysis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ecssr.ae\/en\/lecturers\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/08\/17\/weapons-money-intended-for-economic-development-being-secretly-diverted-to-lobbying\/<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"The giant of the military hackers buys out AVIRA","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"the-giant-of-the-military-hackers-buys-out-avira","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4238","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4210,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-25 21:22:46","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This year has been a century since the Vatican bankers, led by the Pacelli family (the most famous of them, Eugenio, became Pope Pius XII), who worked in Tripoli and Cairo, laid the foundation for a common idea between an Egyptian and a Vatican bank, as well as between an Egyptian party of religious inspiration, but profoundly worldly, and a political movement that would later become the Italian Christian Democracy (DC). In a hundred years everything has changed, this bank (Banque Misr) now belongs to the Egyptian State, this party (the Muslim Brotherhood) has been persecuted, its members tortured and killed and has shown radical tendencies over time; The Vatican itself has changed its stance on Egypt and the Arab world several times, but to learn this history is necessary to understand the fascinating parallel between Italy and Egypt in the early 20th<\/sup> century and to understand its later consequences to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We therefore begin this narrative at the moment when nationalist Islam and the papacy are at the antipodes and (very carefully) take the first steps towards rapprochement: Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue, dies on July 5, 2018 - the man who, together with three popes (John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis I), accompanied a quarter of a century of cooperation between the Vatican and COREIS, the Islamic Religious Community of Italy[1]<\/sup><\/a>. A collaboration that began with a historic meeting on religious issues between John Paul II and Ali Abd al-Rahman al-Hashemi, Councilor of the United Arab Emirates (and staff member of the leader Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan[2]<\/sup><\/a>) at an annual event (Rimini, Meeting for Friendship among peoples).[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The conspiracy against Pope Francis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Steve Bannon in Abu Dhabi<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This meeting marked the beginning of a path that, after decades of hostile silence, in 2007 enabled diplomatic relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Vatican to be established and led to the appointment of Cardinal Paul Hinder as Vicar Apostolic of Abu Dhabi[4]<\/sup><\/a>. This move further relaxed relations and culminated in the meeting between Pope Francis I and Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Rome in 2016[5]<\/sup><\/a> and then in Abu Dhabi in February 2019[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Nevertheless, Paul Hinder takes an ambivalent position on the Muslim Brotherhood and regarding the bitter war of the pro-Saudi government in Cairo, Riyadh and the Emirates against this political movement: \"When the Muslim Brotherhood spread from Egypt to other countries years ago, they were welcomed with open arms<\/em> (...). But the idyll did not last long and some Arab states have responded with tight and stringent controls or displacement<\/em>\".[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sentence that the Vice President of COREIS, Yahya Pallavicini[8]<\/sup><\/a>, does not want to analyze[9]<\/sup><\/a>: COREIS does not allow itself to be involved in the internal struggles of Islam, especially those related to the Muslim Brotherhood[10]<\/sup><\/a>. According to Pallavicini, this is the only possible way: COREIS represents all Muslims, not just one faction[11]<\/sup><\/a>. But there are forces, even within the Christian world, which oppose the rapprochement between Christian and Muslim churches and accuse Pope Francis of heresy, wishing his resignation in the name of chauvinism and ethnic, religious, political racism[12]<\/sup><\/a>. These are the same forces that hold on to the violent and undemocratic extreme right-wing political movements, the ones associated with the Saudi and Emirati monarchies in Italy, as in several Middle East countries, in the United States and Asia: Donald Trump, Steve Bannon and the Ku Klux Klan, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Marine Le Pen in France, Alexander Gauland and Christian Lueth in Germany, Norberto Pico in Spain, Nikolaos Michaloliakos in Greece, Jaroslaw Kaczinsky in Poland, Viktor Orban in Hungary.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who accuse Pope Bergoglio of terrorism and political heresy and who are in favor of the monarchies in Islamic countries do not know that there is a cooperation between the Vatican and the Islamic Brotherhood that marks a hundred-year history in 2020. A century in which the Egyptians chose the Italian Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (IRI)[14]<\/sup><\/a> as a model to start their own economy[15]<\/sup><\/a>, free from the English yoke. And with the founding of a worldly party, the Muslim Brotherhood, which is closely linked to Islamic religion, which was modeled on Don Luigi Sturzo's Italian Popular Party[16]<\/sup><\/a>, which then became Christian Democracy and led democratic Italy for over sixty years. The Muslim Brotherhood, like the Vatican, will sympathize with the movements associated with the outbreak of the Arab Spring - because all over North Africa, from Tunisia to Libya and Egypt, all groups related to the Muslim Brotherhood tried to enable conditions for a similar party to the Italian DC: worldly, but strongly religious[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The birth of the Misr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tal\u2019at Harb and Alberto Beneduce<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Banque Misr[18]<\/sup><\/a> is the result of this attempt: it was the first bank of pure Egyptian capital and was rejected by the British colonial power (which at all costs wanted to avoid strong economic concentrations between Egyptians that could question London's primacy[19]<\/sup><\/a>), was supported and protected by the German government[20]<\/sup><\/a>, however, over a decade before National Socialism took power in Berlin[21]<\/sup><\/a> (as the Germans fought against the British Empire for the commercial supremacy in the Mediterranean)[22]<\/sup><\/a>. This purely Egyptian bank was the driving force that founded and financially supported the birth of Egyptian transport companies, shipping companies (in partnership with Banco di Roma)[23]<\/sup><\/a>, the building and food industry, the energy and textile industry, between 1920 and 1936[24]<\/sup><\/a>. For the wonderful building that houses the Banque Misr and which was inaugurated in 1927, Tal'at Harb commissioned an Italian architect, Antonio Lasciac[25]<\/sup><\/a> from Gorizia, who spent the rest of his life in the Middle East, mostly on charge for the Vatican, building churches and monuments from religious inspiration.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr has shown the way and IRI has continued: the institute, which emerged from the ideas of the economist Alberto Beneduce, who has been fighting for the establishment of a bank in the service of the industrial revolution in Parliament since 1911[27]<\/sup><\/a>. Long before he founded IRI, Beneduce founded CREDIOP (1919), a bank structured exactly like the Banque Misr: money from enlightened entrepreneurs who, multiplied by financial speculation, subsidized national industrial revitalization[28]<\/sup><\/a>. Later, as Beneduce was already working for the Mussolini government, he sent a young COMIT banker (100% IRI) to work with Egypt and Banque Misr to set up the COMIT Banca Commerciale Italiana branch in Cairo (1921)[29]<\/sup><\/a>: Paolo Grassi[30]<\/sup><\/a>, who will then be one of the greatest economists in the history of Italy. But the Vatican had already gone further: in 1912, the Banco di Roma, led by Ernesto Pacelli, showed the Egyptians the way and founded the Cines Seta Artificiale, the first large Italian artificial textile industry, with the capital of the Banco di Roma, which, between 1920 and 1936, began to work with the Misr Group's industries[31]<\/sup><\/a>, making Egypt one of the most important markets for the Italian textile industry (and vice versa)[32]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The economic conquest of Libya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Al-Banna and Luigi Sturzo<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything has changed, today. Banque Misr has been nationalized for a long time: After a troubled century, today the bank employs around 14,500 people and has the largest portfolio among Egyptian banks: over 10 million customers[33]<\/sup><\/a>, capital of around 15 billion EGP (USD 950 million)[34]<\/sup><\/a>, sales (2018) of EGP 670 billion (USD 42 billion)[35]<\/sup><\/a>, 159 holdings in banks, industries, trading companies, five branches in the United Arab Emirates and one in France, Lebanon and Germany as well as representative offices in China and Russia and a global network of correspondents worldwide.[36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, there is one secret that has not yet been revealed: as the relationship between Egyptian nationalism and the CREDIOP led by Beneduce was born, after the colonial adventure in Libya, the Vatican itself embarked on the path that leads to Cairo: the newborn (1890) Banco di Roma[37]<\/sup><\/a> (whose majority stake at that time was in the hands of the Vatican and the Jewish community of Rome)[38]<\/sup><\/a>, in consultation with the government led by Giovanni Giolitti[39]<\/sup><\/a>, opened a branch in Tripoli. It was an alternative for local entrepreneurs against Turkey, which occupied militarily Tripolitania[40]<\/sup><\/a>, the Cyrenaica and Fezzan.[41]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the fascist government of Benito Mussolini and the Italian invasion of Libya, the presence of the Banco di Roma in North Africa has increased. After the inauguration of the Cairo branch, Ernesto Pacelli, banker from the Vatican and nephew of Pope Pius XII[42]<\/sup><\/a>, gave new directions to customers in Egypt and Libya[43]<\/sup><\/a>. The bank does not have in Egypt the same friends as Mussolini: the fascist leader supports Ahmad Hussein, the leader of the Misr Al-Fitat movement - a group of black shirts that fight under the flag of anti-Semitic principles, corporatism and extreme chauvinism, whose positions are widely distant from those of the Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood[44]<\/sup><\/a>. In any case, the Catholic Church is not even on the side of the then Egyptian majority party, the WAFD (\u1e24izb al-Wafd al-Mi\u1e63r\u012b - the delegation party, founded in 1919 to achieve the independence of Egypt during the Treaty negotiations in Locarno[45]<\/sup><\/a>), because WAFD is for the secularization of society and for the opposition to all European religious and political forces[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Vatican searches elsewhere and discovers Mohammed Tal'at Pasha Harb and his dream of an independent, worldly, yet religiously inspired Egypt, based on the collaboration between Muslims, Coptic Christians and Sephardic Jews (which will also participate with her money when Banque Misr[47]<\/sup><\/a> was born). Harb took the idea of \u200b\u200bfounding this bank from Italian and German bankers. The bank was founded with the financial contribution of six families of Egyptian landowners (who have their origins in the province of Al-Minya[48]<\/sup><\/a>, like many of the investors at Banco di Roma in Egypt[49]<\/sup><\/a>), based on the guidelines set out by Harb in his 1911 book: \"Egypt's Economic Solution and the Project for an Egyptian or National Bank<\/em>\", which shows the way to liberation from the British colonial yoke.[50]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The end of the Italian colonial dream<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abd-el Nasser<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This book by Tal'at Harb inspired many Egyptians, especially Hassan Al-Banna, who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928[51]<\/sup><\/a>: the movement that accompanied the early years of the Banque Misr and supported it economically, politically, and with propaganda among Egyptian entrepreneurs[52]<\/sup><\/a>. This period ended when Gamal Abdel-Nasser came to power after the coup in 1952, with the consequence of the expulsion of the British military and the ban on the Brotherhood, whose leaders fled or were imprisoned in Egypt[53]<\/sup><\/a>. Until then, Banque Misr continued to be run by the heirs of Tal'at Harb, the friends of Hassan Al-Banna[54]<\/sup><\/a>, the country's main landowners, and those lay intellectuals who dreamed of an Egypt similar to Ataturk's Turkey.[55]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Al-Sisi and his friends in Riyadh and Dubai today, Nasser had an official religious reason to oppose the Banque Misr: he accused the bank of being an institution that operates according to the rules of international finance and not according to Sharia law[56]<\/sup><\/a> - the same reason that General Al-Sisi will claim over 90 years after its founding that the Muslim Brotherhood (and the old Banque Misr leadership) is guilty of heresy.[57]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banque Misr is also the first bank in the Arab world to be accepted among the members of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel [58]<\/sup><\/a>(BIS) at the end of the Second World War. Saudi Arabia (1952) and its Arab Bank also joined, but only after the monarchy founded the SAMA Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, which forces the Saudi credit system to adhere to the rules of international trade. Previously, the clearing of Egyptian banks was controlled and guaranteed by the Bank of England[59]<\/sup><\/a>, and the official currency was the pound[60]<\/sup><\/a>. The Banco di Roma, which supported the application for membership of Banque Misr as early as 1936 and showed that Egypt was one of the few countries that could mint money with full gold reserves[61]<\/sup><\/a>, had been a member of the BIS since 1930[62]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the military defeat of World War II (1946), the Italians only managed to reopen the branch of the Banco di Roma in Tripoli[63]<\/sup><\/a>, and the main headquarters of the Banco di Roma itself was led by the decision of the first post-monarchist government, due to the financial difficulties of the Vatican, by Christian Democrats, and transferred to IRI[64]<\/sup><\/a>, while maintaining a very close relationship with the Vatican[65]<\/sup><\/a> and the Pacelli family (the family of Pope Pius XII)[66]<\/sup><\/a>. The Deutsche Orientbank, which belonged to Dresdner Bank[67]<\/sup><\/a>, was headquartered in Istanbul, but due to the collapse of the global economy in 1929, it plunged into a liquidity crisis, came under the (official)[68]<\/sup><\/a> control of Turkish shareholders, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1946.[69]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmed Al-Najjar and the Mit-Ghamr Bank<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The HQ of Mit-Ghamr Bank in 1965<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cooperation between Banque Misr and Banco di Roma was restarted in 1975 as the bank founded Misr International Bank (shortly after the Egyptian opening to foreign capital), in which Banque Misr holds 44% and Banco di Roma[70]<\/sup><\/a> has subscribed 7.375% of the shares, which is increased to 10% of the capital[71]<\/sup><\/a> in the following years. Despite the nationalization by President Nasser, the connection between Banque Misr and the Muslim Brotherhood remains very strong[72]<\/sup><\/a>, especially thanks to Ahmed Al-Najjar and his Mit-Ghamr Bank[73]<\/sup><\/a>: Al-Najjar, who studied in Germany, believes in the Sharia rules (like the leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood) and after returning to his country combines his studies and work with the influence of the socio-economic thinking of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was born with the Banque Misr and was rejected and annulled by the Nasser regime[74]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjar not only writes articles, he becomes a banker himself. Mit-Ghamr Bank was founded in 1963 and applies Sharia law[75]<\/sup><\/a>: it does not pay dividends or interest, but grants interest-free loans, the profit of which is only a future profit sharing[76]<\/sup><\/a>. The reason why Al-Najjar founded the bank in this town in Ad Daqahliyah province is because there was already a large and thriving aluminum production center there at the end of the First World War, consisting of about 20 small factories, producing more than 70 % of national demand[77]<\/sup><\/a>. However, in order to survive economically and ensure production, these factories employ up to 50,000 people (at least a third of whom are children who are paid even less) with starvation wages and suffering from severe lung diseases (such as fibrosis): a fact that leaves the Egyptian authorities completely indifferent for a century[78]<\/sup><\/a>. Although the production system is obviously out of date and almost all of these factories are now facing the insolvency, the government decided in 2014 to refinance them because they are good for employment and social cohesion and therefore cannot be closed. It doesn't matter at what price - in cash and for health.[79]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al-Najjad's attempt works[80]<\/sup><\/a>: the first bank in the world to use Sharia law makes good money, guarantees wages for employees from a dozen branches, pays Zaqat and grants over a quarter of its assets to what we now call microcredit[81]<\/sup><\/a> at that time a revolutionary concept that Al-Najjar had learned from the German savings banks (what is called Casse Rurali in Italy)[82]<\/sup><\/a>. But Nasser did not take up this challenge and nationalized Mit-Ghamr in 1967, renamed it Nasser Savings Bank and closed it, forcing Al-Najjar to emigrate to Turkey[83]<\/sup><\/a>. The branches of the surrounding villages are distributed among the four nationalized banks of Egypt (including Banque Misr), but in the following years they will close their doors because even Al-Najjar, in 1967, with the growth in the number of customers, saw that as a result, from the loans disbursed, the bank had to accept that the economic downturn in trade or industrial production was too small, which had a serious impact on the bank: on the one hand, no profits were posted, on the other hand, many customers were no longer able to repay the debt on a regular basis , even though these were without interest charges[84]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The interreligious debate on bank interests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sayyid Qutb shortly before his hanging<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The experiment was enthusiastically supported by the Muslim Brotherhood (which, according to economic history scholars, is the main reason why Nasser wanted to destroy this attempt)[85]<\/sup><\/a>. But looking at Mit-Ghamr Bank with admiration was above all the Vatican, which since the time of the French Revolution (and even earlier with Thomas Aquinas) had condemned the birth and growth of the banking system and the loans that the Church had viewed as a threat to the stability of feudalism and the absolute monarchies, characteristics that are inextricably linked to the power of the Catholic Church.[86]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was only in 1917, and with great suffering, under the pressure of the Calvinists' secessionist pressure[87]<\/sup><\/a>, that the Vatican admitted the legitimacy of charging interest rates[88]<\/sup><\/a>, but in principle always fought against this method of winning and confirmed its consent to that of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Sharia-supported rules. After the election of Pope Francis, the Vatican reopened the internal debate on the lawfulness of interest rates and openly showed sympathy for the Sharia, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) managing director Christine Lagarde to improve the position of the Vatican comments and accept their validity. The position of the papacy is so clear[89]<\/sup><\/a> that the Vatican[90]<\/sup><\/a> publisher Marcianum Press prints the Italian version of the main Sharia[91]<\/sup><\/a> economic theory books and Giovanni Maria Vian, director of the official Vatican newspaper \"L'Osservatore Romano<\/em>\", has repeated and adhered to the principles of Sayyid Qutb[92]<\/sup><\/a>, one of the ideological fathers of the Muslim Brotherhood and a major supporter of Tal'at Harb and Ahmed Al-Najjar\u2019s[93]<\/sup><\/a> economic theses; an ideologist, Qutb, who was persecuted and hanged by President Nasser[94]<\/sup><\/a> in 1966 on orders from the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gamal Abdel Nasser will also be a bitter opponent of the papacy. His hatred of Tal'at Harb and the Al Banna movement probably started in the cradle as he came from a poor Al Minya family and his mother's family suffered under the economic yoke of local families (who founded Banque Misr)[95]<\/sup><\/a>. From his youth, his pro-socialist and militaristic position had led him to hate Israel (as the oppressor of the Palestinians and illegitimate occupants of areas that Nasser considered Egyptian) and the Vatican, which at the time was associated with the papacy of John XXIII, who tried to let the ambiguous positions of Pius XII about National Socialism be forgotten and even tried to establish solid connections with the extreme formations of Jewish Zionism[96]<\/sup><\/a>. Abdul Rahman Azzam, Secretary General of the Arab League, accused the Pope (1945) of never taking a clear position against the Jewish idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a \"Jewish symbolic State<\/em>\" in Israel, which should be modeled on the Vatican City.[97]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

But after the fall of Nasser, during the papacy of Paul VI and John Paul I, the Vatican showed equidistance from the two most extreme currents of contemporary Islam: The Wahhabis from Saudi Arabia, which led to the birth of Al Qaeda, both also those of the Muslim Brotherhood, which, after the suppression and execution of Sayyid Qutb, proclaimed the correctness of jihad to avoid oppression of the Muslim religion[98]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rapprochement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran and Ayatollah Ahmad Iravani<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the years before the Arab Spring there had been an approach to the organization led by Tariq Ramadan: in 2007 there was a very positive exchange of official messages[99]<\/sup><\/a>, which also resulted from a gaffe from Benedict XVI, to which the Pope presented his excuses[100]<\/sup><\/a>. As Mohammed Morsi won the Egyptian elections in 2012 and the Muslim Brotherhood[101]<\/sup><\/a> party became the country's democratic majority, Cardinal Michael Fitzgerald, the Vatican ambassador to Cairo, paid an official visit to Sohag, the Brotherhood's base, in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, the unrest began immediately afterwards, and we cannot say whether the 37 burned Christian churches, as well as the Coptic massacres, have been done by the angry and uncontrolled masses, by the fascist troops of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi and his sponsors from Abu Dhabi and Riyadh or were committed from the Brotherhood. The fact is, mainly because of the bloody events in Egypt, until the appointment of Francis I, the frost[102]<\/sup><\/a> between the two sides fell so much that the election of the new Pope sparked enthusiasm and hope in the Brotherhood[103]<\/sup><\/a>. An enthusiasm that the Jesuits do not share, who today show more sympathy for Saudi Arabia and Egypt than the Arab Spring and the Brotherhood, and which immediately criticized the calming tendency of Francis I[104]<\/sup><\/a>: so persistent that the new Pope, who\u2019s a Jesuit, replaced the Jesuit Father Federico Lombardi. Someone who has dominated the political line of all Vatican media for decades, both the press and radio, television and the press room[105]<\/sup><\/a>. Then the phase of relaxation began, which is still in its infancy but continues.[106]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The fact is that a circle has ended after a hundred years. The banking system, inspired by religious criteria, has returned to the starting point that the Pacelli family, the Banco di Roma, the first edition of Banque Misr, Tal'at Harb, and in which the Pope and Brotherhood agreed: the financial system without Sharia-Rules has failed considerably - in the sense that it does not defend sociality and humanity, but suppresses the weak and enriches those who were already rich and powerful. As for the political aspect, more than twenty years after the decline of Christian Democracy, the weight of religious morality in politics cannot remain in the hands of right-wing populists, opportunists and sovereignists who kiss the rosaries but commit most incredible atrocities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps Christians would need a new Luigi Sturzo in politics, and the Muslim Brotherhood should be helped and accompanied in its development, which will bring them back to the origins of Hassan Al-Banna and the understanding that jihad does not liberate but only kills - because if the massacres of Muslim fundamentalists, above all, massacre the believers of Islam, the mass killings of Christian fundamentalists, especially in the United States, are crimes of invisible arbitrariness, often out of pure ethnic hatred or personal frustration. John Paul II had said it: The 21st<\/sup> century will be a great return to religiousness. As a staunch layperson, I hope that it meant a return to the positive values \u200b\u200bof religious teaching and not to the murderous folly of many who, regardless of name, have used God to commit inhumane massacres for purely personal purposes over the past 2000 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XC8WLiebOB8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/dialogo-interreligioso\/notizia\/ultimo-saluto-al-cardinale-jean-louis-tauran-protagonista-del-dialogo-tra-la-santa-sede-e-lislam-italiano-e-mondiale<\/a> ; https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100613025043\/http:\/\/meetingrimini.org\/default.asp?id=673&edizione=3923<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.asianews.it\/notizie-it\/Relazioni-diplomatiche-tra-Santa-Sede-ed-Emirati-arabi-9423.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.toscanaoggi.it\/Toscana\/SANTA-SEDE-ALLACCIATE-RELAZIONI-DIPLOMATICHE-CON-GLI-EMIRATI-ARABI-UNITI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.mei.edu\/publications\/pope-uae-and-muslim-brotherhood<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/it\/papa\/news\/2019-01\/papa-francesco-abu-dhabi-videomessaggio.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.30giorni.it\/articoli_id_15285_l3.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nuovaresistenza.org\/2015\/06\/lislam-di-oggi-visto-da-un-imam-lindro\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Barry M. Rubin, \u201cGuide to Islamic Movements, volume 2<\/em>\u201d, M.E. Sharpe Publishers, New York 2010, pages 475-476, see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=wEih57-GWQQC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475&dq=coreis+%22muslim+brotherhood%22&source=bl&ots=14_Nc8UDUc&sig=ACfU3U2Wfm4p9Gbdv9Wz0uF-gTc2gkcM3Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUj-LBgMvqAhUVxMQBHc-sBzkQ6AEwAHoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=coreis%20%22muslim%20brotherhood%22&f=false<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.coreis.it\/chi-siamo<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.raiplay.it\/video\/2020\/04\/Report---Dio-Patria-Famiglia-Spa-850ab2dc-3f12-4aba-8d37-fd3547f30c69.html<\/a>, starting after 12 minutes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.mercatiaconfronto.it\/Portals\/0\/Egitto%20IAI\/EGITTO-Mondimpresa.pdf<\/a>, page 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CY5DGDg7jNk<\/a> : Matthew Bagot, \u201cThe Right to Religious Freedom and its political Significance: Catholic and Islamic Approaches<\/em>\u201d, University of Dayton (Ohio), 2019 \u2013 see also https:\/\/ecommons.udayton.edu\/human_rights\/2019\/events\/26\/?utm_source=ecommons.udayton.edu%2Fhuman_rights%2F2019%2Fevents%2F26&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.radioradicale.it\/scheda\/489704\/islam-e-democrazia-leccezione-tunisina<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 129-130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, pages 68-75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, Chapter 2-3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a> ; Monica Friedrich Zetek, \u201cDie Entwicklung der national-\u00e4gyptischen Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r-Gruppe im Zeitraum zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung ihres Verh\u00e4ltnisses zum deutschen Kapital: eine wirtschaftshistorische Untersuchung der \u00f6konomischen Aktivit\u00e4ten der I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G. in \u00c4gypten, insbesondere gegen\u00fcber den industriellen Tochtergesellschaften der Bank Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>\u201c, Dissertation, Leipziger Universit\u00e4t, Leipzig 1989, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Banque%20Profile\/Corporate%20profile.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.fvgnews.net\/view.php?t=n&k=573<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/sup><\/a> Valerio Castronovo, \u201cStoria dell\u2019IRI dalle origini al dopoguerra: 1933-1948<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, Bari 2012, Chapter 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/sup><\/a> Pier Francesco Asso, Marcello De Cecco, \u201cStoria del CREDIOP. Tra credito speciale e finanza pubblica: 1920-1960<\/em>\u201d, Laterza, bari, passim<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.noicomit.it\/dettaglio.php?id=76<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.bankpedia.org\/index.php\/it\/103-italian\/g\/20399-grassi-paolo-enciclopedia<\/a>, \u00a7 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080302113831\/http:\/\/www.wataninet.com\/article_en.asp?ArticleID=17047<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/sup><\/a> Misr produceva cotone e seta, Cines produceva fibre artificiali, ed insieme vendevano in tutto il mondo \u2013 Marcella Spadoni, \u201cLe fibre tessili artificiali in Italia dai primi del Novecento alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale<\/em>\u201d, Dissertazione, Pisa 2000, page 146 and page 42, http:\/\/www.storiaindustria.it\/universita_ricerca\/dwd\/Tesicompleta_Spadoni.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/aibe.it\/banche-associate\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.unepfi.org\/member\/banque-misr\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 42-43 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/sup><\/a> Banque Misr, \u201cAnnual Sustainability Report 2017-2018<\/em>\u201d, Cairo 2019, pages 52-53 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.banquemisr.com\/en\/aboutus\/Documents\/Annual%20Reports\/Financial%20Statements%202017-2018.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cIn 1890, on direct inspiration of Leo XIII, men closely related to the Vatican founded the Banco di Roma, in order to finance the various confessional bodies. This bank was later favored in the management of public services for the city of Rome<\/em>\u201c, in Luigi Cipriani, \u201cLa finanza vaticana in Italia: dagli espropri del 1866 ai Patti Lateranensi<\/em>\u201d, Roma 1984, as in https:\/\/www.fondazionecipriani.it\/Scritti\/vaticano.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.aidmen.it\/articles.html\/_\/articles\/le-linee-di-navigazione-del-banco-di-roma-che-operarono-dal-1908-al-r50<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/sup><\/a> Ilaria Pavan & Guri Schwarz, \u201cGli Ebrei in Italia tra persecuzione fascista e reintegrazione postbellica<\/em>\u201d, Casa Editrice Giuntina, Firenze 2001, pages 61-62 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=7WvJfHa_4lEC&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=%22banco+di+roma%22+egitto&source=bl&ots=HJsD2nPVOd&sig=ACfU3U3MFa-rJ1rzBQ8ZXqBc-xZogICwRw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz64DD9LvqAhVgQEEAHSpoAqwQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22banco%20di%20roma%22%20egitto&f=false<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lintellettualedissidente.it\/controcultura\/storia\/fatalmente-legati-litalia-liberale-in-libia\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/st.ilsole24ore.com\/art\/notizie\/2011-08-25\/1911-guerra-banco-roma-063918.shtml?uuid=AakDioyD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/sup><\/a> Renato Mori, \u201cLa penetrazione pacifica italiana in Libia dal 1907 al 1911 ed il Banco di Roma<\/em>\u201d, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali, Volume 24, Roma 1958, pages 102-118 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/42733953?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/sup><\/a> Saskia Van Genugten, \u201cLibya in Western Foreign Policies 1911-2011<\/em>\u201c, Springer Verlag, Berlin 2016, pages 15-19; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity\u201d<\/em>, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/sup><\/a> Vera Zamagni, \u201cThe economic history of Italy 1860-1990<\/em>\u201d, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1993, pages 154-156 \u2013 see https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=DJvGpo_CH-UC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=banque+misr+banco+di+roma+pacelli&source=bl&ots=u6Y53r04AS&sig=ACfU3U1izFUghcrxqLx2vJThXLvzTeA77Q&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4k_3128nqAhUs4KYKHQkJAVIQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=banque%20misr%20banco%20di%20roma%20pacelli&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/sup><\/a> Tarek Osman, \u201cEgypt on the Brink<\/em>\u201d, Yale University Press, Newhaven (Connecticut) 2010, page 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/sup><\/a> Peter Mansfield, \u201cA history of the Middle-East<\/em>\u201d, 5th<\/sup> edition, Penguin Books, London 2019, chapter \u201cPartition of the Arab East<\/em>\u201d; Sarvepalli Gopal, \u201cHistory of Humanity<\/em>\u201d, Volume VII, UNESCO, Paris 2008, page 688; Samir Sail, \u201cLa France et l\u2019\u00e9gypt: de 1882 \u00e0 1914<\/em>\u201d, IGPDE, Paris 1997, pages 5-29, see https:\/\/books.openedition.org\/igpde\/763?lang=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/sup><\/a> Chantal Bordes Benayoun \u201cLes Juifs et l\u2019\u00e9conomique : miroirs et mirages<\/em>\u201d, Universit\u00e9 du Mirail, Toulouse 1992, page 152<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/sup><\/a> Giuseppe Moricola, \u201cTra politica e affari: la comunit\u00e0 italiana in Egitto tra 800 e 900<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cTra economia e politica: gli scambi tra il Nord e il Sud del Mediterraneo in una prospettiva storica<\/em>\u201d, Collana di Storia Economica, Anno XXI, Volume 1, Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Napoli 2018, pages 50-51 \u2013 see https:\/\/unora.unior.it\/retrieve\/handle\/11574\/183138\/53629\/SE%201%202018%20SEZ%20Moricola.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/sup><\/a> Eric Davis, \u201cChallenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization 1920-1941<\/em>\u201d, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1983, page 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/sup><\/a> Brian R. Farmer, \u201cUnderstanding Radical Islam: Medieval Ideology in the Twenty-First Century<\/em>\u201d, Peter Lang Verlag, Bern 2007, pages 82-85<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/sup><\/a> Hassan Muhammad Hassan, \u201cChoix culturels et orientations \u00e9ducatives en \u00c9gypte. <\/em>1923-1952<\/em>\u201d, pages 17-37, see https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/ema\/68<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/sup><\/a> Sa\u00efd K. Aburish, \u201cNasser, the last Arab: a biography<\/em>\u201d, St. Martin\u2019s Press \/ Thomas Dunne Books, New York 2004 \u2013 see https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/isbn_9780312286835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1#cite_note-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/sup><\/a> A. Khadir Yildrim, \u201cMuslim Democratic Parties in the Middle East: Economy and Politics of Islamist Moderation<\/em>\u201d, Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2016, pages 128-135<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/islamicbanking.asp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.proshareng.com\/news\/Nigeria%20Economy\/Africa-s-3-largest-economies-at-risk-of-GDP-reversal\/17585#<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bis.org\/about\/history.htm?m=1%7C4%7C445<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cBank restructuring in practice<\/em>\u201d, in BIS Policy Papers volume 6, Basel August 1999, pages 183-185 \u2013 see https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/plcy06.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/sup><\/a> Banca dei Regolamenti Internazionali, \u201cQuinta relazione annuale. 1\u00b0 aprile 1934-31 marzo 1935<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1935, page 9, page 19, pages 25-29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/sup><\/a> Bank for International Settlements, \u201cSixth Annual Report. 1st<\/sup> of April 1935-31st<\/sup> of March 1936<\/em>\u201d, BIS 1936, page 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 87-89<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.bancaditalia.it\/chi-siamo\/storia\/istituzione\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/sup><\/a> Claudio Rendina, \u201cL\u2019oro del Vaticano<\/em>\u201d, Newton Compton Editori, Roma 2010, Capitolo 8 \u2013 retrieved in https:\/\/laviadiuscita.net\/gli-impareggiabili-affari-del-vaticano\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/sup><\/a> John Alfred Consiglio, \u201cBanco di Roma\u2019s Mediterranean Thrust 1900-1952<\/em>\u201d, Malta University Historical Society, La Valletta 2001, pages 75-76, pages 77-78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cMerkblatt \u00fcber den deutsch-t\u00fcrkischen Handelsverkehr und \u00fcber das Garantiewesen: Deutsche Orientbank, Filiale d. Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Dresdner Bank, Berlin 1935, pages 3-9; \u201c\u00c4gyptische Wirtschaftsberichte<\/em>\u201c, Dresdner Bank, Berlin -1926-1939<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/sup><\/a> As early as 1940, the three major industrial and financial forces of the Third Reich (IG Farben, Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank) had begun to conceal their international assets to avoid an embargo or the seizure of their assets, so these companies, located abroad, they were often entrusted to local trustees who, vis-\u00e0-vis the national banking authorities abroad, seemed extraneous to German interests \u2013 cfr. Hans-Magnus Enzerberger, \u201cOMGUS: Ermittlungen gegen die Dresdner Bank<\/em>\u201d, Franz Greno, N\u00f6rdlingen 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/tuerkei.diplo.de\/tr-de\/vertretungen\/generalkonsulat2\/05-deutsche-orientbank\/1563510<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Banque_Misr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.citystars-heliopolis.com.eg\/en\/directory\/store\/banque-misr?callback=storelist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/sup><\/a> Robert J. Stefan, \u201cBusiness in Islam: Contextualizing Business and Mission in Muslim-Majority Nations<\/em>\u201d, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Eugene (Oregon) 2020, pages 250-252<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=_NbaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=bank+misr+and+islamic+brotherhood&source=bl&ots=HNJohrPCBL&sig=ACfU3U1L3NMAWOUr_HUSPk7voMjA8bZwaw&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOq6uVwMTqAhXPwMQBHadiDPcQ6AEwAXoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=bank%20misr%20and%20islamic%20brotherhood&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/sup><\/a> Emmy Abdul Alim, \u201cGlobal Leaders in Islamic Finance: Industry milestones and reflections<\/em>\u201d, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (NJ) 2014, pages 9-10, see also in https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=mT-kAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=dr+ahmed+al+najjar+1960&source=bl&ots=zZlJDP52xM&sig=ACfU3U2c17aZ4KhZ3HhlDPZGz7GTTvig2A&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb-uGVw8TqAhX0xcQBHeTOBLsQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=dr%20ahmed%20al%20najjar%201960&f=false<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/sup><\/a> Panos Kourgiotis, \u201cUnderstanding Egyptian capitalism through the Muslim Brotherhood\u2019s eyes: the quest for an \u2018Islamic economy\u2019 in the 1940s and its ideological and social impact<\/em>\u201d, in British Journal for Middle Eastern Studies, Volume 45, London 2018, pages 464-479, quoted as in a phone conversation with the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www.lifestyletoursonline.com\/location\/mit-ghamr<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/children\/multimedia\/egypt-s-aluminum-industry-thrives-child-labour.html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=378e3337f6fb0f3dc835b412a92563851a782032-1595063310-0-AU6FzT9gEiktBNp-tmPHVRixg2YrK1hEOHGTfn1Ft6fYpxlqoT_OY7e8hdBQIQqo_-CBkGYRenobaqI_9XXcPLvjN8W8DExZmcnnvIrT9dJiyC7ACeUYsvmBpktkcG7ZAX8dD81KDRsnq4dwLLSxkmzuMrQEz74A2V0d1lwvxpxVZhkicG-Xhh6XCzuatrAqUUZH6cN4cobeSJeTxSS0EtOBYCzbQrv5rXjw3501RKJ2jyfCrToKl1yWIYyNVsoX2JuyGhggdalf9hcizgcgw2NlRV5aSRh4qS4vghMKF1W-A1iRhrLXYUxhamXlp5RaI-Pd3LXvdCX_i69AOOyMavoEQsn8OVF-AZiWCy6DDY338oJ3_Q7Fw0op9gr1D0Bgdw<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/steelguru.com\/metal\/ministry-of-industry-and-sfd-team-up-to-support-insolvent-mit-ghamr-aluminium-factories\/417426<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/islamicmarkets.com\/education\/an-early-experiment-islamic-banking<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/sup><\/a> Andrew W. Mullineux and Victor Murinde, \u201cHandbook of International Banking<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2003, pages 192-193<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/sup><\/a> Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan, \u201cMit Ghamr Savings Bank: A Role Model or an Irreplicable Utopia?<\/em>\u201d, in \u201cInsan & Toplum \u2013 The Journal of Humanity and Society<\/em>\u201d, Scientific Studies Association, Istanbul 2018, pages 85-102, see also https:\/\/insanvetoplum.org\/content\/6-sayilar\/16-8-2\/5-m0263\/orhan.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, page 40, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/sup><\/a> Hans Visser, \u201cIslamic Finance: Principles and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham 2009, pages 44-45, see also http:\/\/iaif.ir\/images\/khareji\/books\/finance\/5.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/sup><\/a> Paul S. Mills and John R. Presley, \u201cIslamic Finance: Theory and Practice<\/em>\u201d, Palgrave MacMillan, London 1999, page 104, see also https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1057%2F9780230288478.pdf<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/sup><\/a> Sazir Nsubuga Mayanja, \u201cEmbracing Islamic Finance in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>\u201d, Chapter 5, \u201cIslamic Finance as a factor in the global financial system and its prospects and challenges in Africa<\/em>\u201d, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Kigali 2019, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/ahmadiyyatimes.wordpress.com\/2010\/02\/03\/vatican-says-islamic-finance-may-help-westren-banks-in-crisis\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/sup><\/a> Ann Black, Hossein Esmaeili Nadirsyah Hosen, \u201cModern Perspectives on Islamic Law<\/em>\u201d, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenhma 2017, page 177, see also http:\/\/ijtihadnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Modern-Perspectives-On-Islamic-Law.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/sup><\/a> Sayyid Qutb, \u201cLa battaglia tra l\u2019Islam ed il Capitalismo<\/em>\u201d, Marcianum Press, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.iep.utm.edu\/qutb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/sup><\/a> Robert Henry Stephens, \u201cNasser: A political biography<\/em>\u201d, Simon & Schuster, New York 1972, page 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/sup><\/a> Judith Hershcopf, \u201cThe Church and the Jews: The struggle at Vatican Council II<\/em>\u201d, American Jewish Year Book, volume 67, American Jewish Committee Springer, New York 1966, pages 110-111 \u2013 see also in http:\/\/research.policyarchive.org\/17733.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/sup><\/a> Ido Yahel, \u201cCovert diplomacy between Israel and Egypt during Nasser rule: 1952-1970<\/em>\u201d, SAGE Open Publisher, Tel Aviv 2016, page 1, see also in https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2158244016667449<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/sup><\/a> Sandra Toenies Keating, \u201cWhat Catholics should know about Islam<\/em>\u201d, Knights of Columbus Supreme Council, Roma 2008, pages 35-35, see also in https:\/\/www.kofc.org\/un\/en\/resources\/cis\/cis317.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.globalmbwatch.com\/2007\/10\/14\/vatican-welcomes-letter-signed-by-muslim-brotherhood-leaders\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/articles\/0,7340,L-3304528,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.egyptindependent.com\/vatican-ambassador-visits-brotherhood-headquarters-sohag\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/insidethevatican.com\/news\/newsflash\/letter-20-2017-fatima-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/www1.adnkronos.com\/IGN\/Aki\/English\/Religion\/Vatican-Muslim-Brotherhood-hopes-new-pope-will-be-more-tolerant-than-predecessor_314280167017.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/jesuit-scholar-of-islam-assesses-upcoming-papal-visit-to-uae<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/en\/views\/news\/middle-east\/2017\/04\/30\/On-the-importance-of-relations-with-the-Vatican-and-other-religions.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/sup><\/a> http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1351400.html<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"Vatican and Muslim Brotherhood: 100 years of political and economic relations","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"vatican-and-muslim-brotherhood-100-years-of-political-and-economic-relations","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4210","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":4181,"post_author":"7","post_date":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_date_gmt":"2021-02-20 22:17:45","post_content":"\n

\u00a9 IBI World Limited<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is a crime to spread defamatory lies about someone. In every part of the world there are precise laws which punish the violation of this principle and theoretically defend the credibility of the information. But when the same lie is told from a large number of different and seemingly independent sources, it is almost impossible for the slandered to know whom to defend against. Then this lie remains in a kind of limbo: The information is still false, but it does not disappear from the media scene. In fact, they become an integral part of it, even offering a semblance of credibility to the sources that spread it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When, as in this story, someone has an impressive number of sources under control telling converging falsehoods, each repeating a particular lie and stirring up an endless chain of cross-affirmations, a defamatory media campaign could succeed, no matter how big the lie is absurd may be - especially when these sources, obviously enemies of transparency, appear as advocates of independent information, i.e. NGOs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On July 19, 2020, the journalist Raul Redondo published an article against Qatar on the electronic pages of \"Atalayar<\/em>\", the largest and most famous Spanish blog specializing in independent information about the Iberian Peninsula, the Maghreb and the Middle East[1]<\/a>, whose source is the well-known German newspaper \"Die Zeit<\/em>\"[2]<\/a>. The content of the story goes as follows: Redondo argues that a Qatari charity (with the express permission of its government) is funding the militarization of Hezbollah in Lebanon[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Redondo, the German magazine has evidence that a freelance secret agent named Jason G was involved in an illegal arms trade between Doha and Beirut and that he promises not to divulge his secret documents in this regard. After meeting a member of the Qatari government in Brussels, he pocketed 10,000 Euros a month for over a year and ultimately refused to sell his archive to the Doha government for 750,000 Euros[4]<\/a>. An archive that Jason G said would also contain evidence of Qatar's direct involvement in circumventing the embargo on Iran[5]<\/a>. The publication in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" is from July 17th<\/sup>, 2020[6]<\/a>. The one on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" is from July 19th<\/sup>, two days later[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \"Atalayar\" puzzle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 The Moroccan Embassy in Madrid<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Those who write on \"Atalayar<\/em>\" as well as \"Mediapart<\/em>\"[8]<\/a> in France or \"Gli Stati Generali<\/em>\"[9]<\/a> in Italy generally do not receive any compensation, but \"Atalayar<\/em>\" has an important sponsor: The Moroccan embassy in Madrid[10]<\/a>. The newspaper was founded by an authoritative freelancer, Javier Fernandez Arribas[11]<\/a>, who owns 100% of the shares through Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid[12]<\/a>. Mr. Fernandez Arriba is the former vice-president of the APE Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos (which despite its apparently international name is an extremely Spanish organization and of which King Filipe VI is the president[13]<\/a>). APE produces many seminars and essay materials, and its main sponsors, besides the Spanish royal family, are: the oil companies Repsol and Iberdrola, Coca-Cola, the Spanish Ministry of Defense, the banks BBVA and Santander, the telecommunications giant Telefonica[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

All of this makes the shoulders of an online magazine like \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d extremely strong because it places this media actor at the center of Spain's political, financial and industrial power. In this context, Raul Redondo acts as one of the editors of both the blog and the magazine, which is published monthly in print[15]<\/a>. However, unlike other similar newspapers, \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d does not publish photos, biographies or contacts of many of its editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because of this, it is impossible to determine the identity of this one employee. For over a year, Raul Redondo has published at least one article a day - almost always to denigrate Qatar, Iran, Turkey and the Muslim Brotherhood or to glorify Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and far-right parties within the European Union[16]<\/a>. From this it can be concluded that the positions of Redondo correspond to those of the editorial team - and that therefore the political position of Morocco, which \"Atalayar<\/em>\" officially supports, is the same as that of Redondo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But why should the Rabat government pay for an online magazine that denigrates Qatar? Morocco has carefully tried in the past to maintain a clear equidistance between competitors in the Cold War that broke out in the Persian Gulf[17]<\/a>. Qatar is one of the Rabat government's main trading partners[18]<\/a>. As of November 2011, Qatar has granted a $ 2 billion loan to support the Moroccan economy[19]<\/a>. Two years later, in December 2013, Doha donated an additional $ 1.25 billion to help tackle the unrest related to the Arab Spring[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia declared an international embargo on Doha in June 2017, Morocco intervened with humanitarian aid[21]<\/a>. When King Muhammad VI. reacted with anger due to some Al Jazeera programs defending the rights of the Saharawi people in Western Sahara[22]<\/a>, the cooperation between the governments worked perfectly: after a political intervention, the television station adjusted the setting and declared that Qatar was not pushing for the claim of the people on the Polisario Front[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soon after, Qatar publicly endorsed Morocco's bid for the 2026 World Cup (which the UAE and Arabia did not)[24]<\/a>. For example, King Mohamed VI, who had intervened in the war in Yemen alongside Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, withdrew his army \"for humanitarian reasons<\/em>\", and then, when Saudi Arabia began to criticize the media in defiance, the King of Morocco shouted returned the ambassador to Saudi Arabia to his homeland and brought relations between the two countries to the lowest point in centuries[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The secret connection to the ECCI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani, Chief of the PJD<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At least officially. In February 2019, some leaders of the PJD - the ruling party in Rabat - who had been dismissed following internal party feuds, declared that the PJD would be funded with funds from Qatar, Turkey and Saudi Arabia[26]<\/a>. These statements sparked an earthquake that did not end until Prime Minister Sa\u00e2d-Eddine El Othmani publicly denied any connection between the PJD and Qatar and between the PJD and Turkey. But not between the PJD and Saudi Arabia[27]<\/a>. This is not surprising given that one of the PJD's historical leaders, Mohamed Louizi, is one of Qatar's fiercest critics[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The original article published in \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" contains further details. The story hit the editorial staff of the German magazine because Jason G had met Michael Inacker in 2017, a former journalist who has worked for an important PR company, the WMP, for several years, which Jason G accompanies to several meetings with German intelligence officers Jason wanted to sell the dossier to - for 10 million euros[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because they were not interested, Inacker and Jason G met an envoy from the Doha government in Brussels in February 2019[30]<\/a>. After Qatar apparently paid large sums of money to Jason G (for which there is no evidence), WMP signs a deal with two clients: Jason G's small company and a Dominican Republic-registered offshore company (whose name will not be disclosed) which, according to the WMP, would hide the Doha government[31]<\/a>. In relation to this contract, WMP will provide a receipt for an advance payment of 15,000 Euros[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the story was discovered to be a fantastic lie, WMP was forced to cut ties with its main client: the government of Saudi Arabia[33]<\/a>. On July 22nd<\/sup>, the weekly newspaper \"Stern<\/em>\" published a completely opposite story. The story was reinvented from the ground up and part of a smear campaign orchestrated by someone (perhaps the Saudi government) to damage Qatar's international image[34]<\/a>. \"Stern<\/em>\" could not identify Jason G, but at least found out who orchestrated the entire defamatory operation: a certain Jassim Mohamad, director of the ECCI (European Center for Behavioral Control and Intelligence Studies)[35]<\/a>, a mysterious organization whose headquarters are only one in a Germany Mailbox[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECCI is definitely a website that is originally in Arabic and later translated into German and English[37]<\/a>. Jassim Mohamed is an accomplished security and espionage expert who grew up in Libya (\"Stern<\/em>\" believes he is an Iraqi[38]<\/a>) and is now fully involved in the negotiations on political and military balances in Cyrenaica and Tripolitania[39]<\/a>. In Europe, his name was launched by the \"Die Referenz<\/em>\" portal belonging to the CEMO Center d'Etudes du Moyen Orient SAS Paris, the most important diplomatic propaganda group against Qatar in Europe[40]<\/a>. It is not known where Jassim Mohamed lives, it is secret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Incidentally, \"Stern<\/em>\" claims, Jassim Mohamed is a politician, close to Edmund Stoiber, the head of the right-wing Bavarian CSU party, and some German captains of industry who are obviously defending and promoting interests in Libya as well as in the rest of North Africa and the Middle East[41]<\/a>. According to \"Stern<\/em>\", Jassim Mohamed would be close to Mark Domfried, who is said to have initiated the connection between the Moon sect[42]<\/a> and a secret support for this sect by Saudi Arabia[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another recurring signature of \"Atalayar<\/em>\" provides new explanations for this. According to an article by the editor Henar Hernandez, a young employee of the magazine who graduated in late 2018 and has since been an expert on Libyan and Turkish topics[44]<\/a> on behalf of and on behalf of the newspaper of Javier Fernandez Arriba[45]<\/a>. In February 2020, Henar Hernandez (with Emirates TV Al-Aan as the sole source[46]<\/a>) tells an extraordinary story: Turkey, Qatar and the Muslim Brotherhood are said to be active (together) in Libya by funding rebel military groups and dismantling pharmaceutical product factories in order to bring them to Turkey; in addition: financially manage the secret money of Fayez Al-Sarraj and the United Nations-recognized government in Tripoli and arm an army of 11,000 Turkish mercenaries who will soon fight to complete the Turkish military invasion of Libya[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The real epicenter of this article is the confirmation that the very weak government of Al-Sarraj, is defended by the United Nations and supported by several European and Middle Eastern governments (including Qatar and Turkey, but also Italy, France and Germany), while the Emirates, together with Egypt and Saudi Arabia, without hiding, support the Benghazi rebels led by Khalifa Haftar with arms and money and try militarily to terminate the agreement internationally in order to pacify Libya[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, the strangest thing is that Spain has always officially and loyally supported the government of Tripolitania, under the leadership of Fayez Al-Sarraj[49]<\/a>. It is therefore not clear why and in what name Javier Fernandez Arriba and his editors started the opposing media campaign, and one wonders what the opinion is about Spanish oil companies like Repsol[50]<\/a> or perhaps Coca-Cola[51]<\/a>, which are present in Libya and sponsor the Asociacion de Periodistas Europeos, but also work in the Libyan desert and invest billions of euros in oil drilling in this country, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An inseparable system of Chinese boxes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0 Romeo Firoz Kadir<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fact is that ECCI is registered in the Netherlands rather than Germany and this name is just a trademark of Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen (a village of 25,000 inhabitants at the crossroads of The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht). An association that was founded in August 2005 on behalf of the Surinamese lawyer Romeo Firoz Kadir[52]<\/a> without share capital and offers the following services: \"Professional advisory and technology office in the field of integrity in the financial markets, provision of legal and management services for newborn companies<\/em>\"[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Integrity Solutions' official documents contain dozens of alternative trademark names that could potentially work simultaneously and create the appearance of a globally unique propaganda campaign[54]<\/a>. Kadir has several clients for whom he plays the role of asset trustee[55]<\/a>. According to the data he himself entered on his Linkedin page, he is currently teaching cybersecurity at the University of Utrecht (Holland) and that of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)[56]<\/a>. All the information that doesn't make it clear at all what economic and technological strength ECCI and the entire galaxy of related companies are building. Kadir has published a book on aerospace, espionage, and financial technology that looks at modern techniques for collecting sensitive data from satellites swirling around the earth while teaching at Leiden University[57]<\/a>. That's it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The oldest company connected to Romeo Kadir's personal office near Gouda is KLegal, which was founded in May 2001 in Amstelve, Dominican Republic. We don't know if this is the company Jason G claims to have an offshore account with in the Caribbean. We just identify it and add it to the dozens of acronyms advertised by Integrity Solutions in Finance[58]<\/a>. Another acronym used by Kadir is the Corporate Compliance Academy Press, which published one of Kadir's books in 2010[59]<\/a>. There is a third title on Linkedin: the IBI Islamic Banking Institute[60]<\/a>, which also has a Facebook page[61]<\/a>; We did not find any of the other acronyms[62]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This means that they are not (yet) doing any activity. In trust studies, founding companies have been registered for years without a purpose and without owners, waiting to be used by a customer. This way, when the customer needs one of these companies, they will find it ready and, moreover, with a date of birth that is older than the birth of the professional relationship between the customer and the trust company. Nowadays this doesn't fool anyone anymore, but the practice has become a tradition. Romeo Kadir went one step further and dared a new solution: a single company that provides multiple trademarks without the customer being forced to own a company and therefore with the least amount of transparency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of ECCI, the solution worked: if someone were to take this acronym to court, asking them to respond to any falsehoods reported in the press, they would not really know where and who to ask. With regard to the website, it appears from the whois inquiries (the registry or the organization providing the domain service) that the \"real<\/em>\" property information is kept secret in accordance with international data protection laws[63]<\/a>. The same question again shows that the provider of the domain service (provider) is Hetzner Online GmbH Gunzenhausen (Germany), a company specializing in this type of service[64]<\/a>. The information obtained from the site's IP address (78.47.24.56) shows that it is stored on servers in Munich and Nuremberg[65]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The very political question remains: why did the Moroccan government act in such a subtle way, contrary to the stance that has been in place for years in the smear campaign against Qatar? Is there any other force that is still invisible that is driving the ECCI and the people associated with it and maybe even the \u201cAtalayar<\/em>\u201d publications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The cherry on the cake<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The terrible explosion in the Beirut port area on August 4, 2020<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite the fact that the truthfulness of the Jason G story was already weak in itself and had further lost credibility in the days following its initial release on August 6, the conservative American television channel \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d published the story of the secret dossier on Qatar Funding for Hezbollah[66]<\/a>, and the editors claim they saw a copy and spoke to Jason G[67]<\/a>. This adds the tremendous weight of the political and editorial strength of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d to this propaganda operation by deliberately creating a new publication (i.e. in parallel with the terrible incident in Beirut[68]<\/a>) and adding some fundamental elements for the success of a smear campaign that is immediately recognized by everyone related to the CEMO Center d'\u00c9tudes du Moyen Orient in Paris[69]<\/a>, which is at the center of the organization of the global campaign to defame Qatar[70]<\/a>. Whatever is coming out of that edge, this will be taken up and redistributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We list the main points: a) Jason G would have shown the editors of \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d a few documents showing how Hezbollah is preparing an attack on 10,000 American soldiers stationed in the United Arab Emirates on the orders of the Qatari government[71]<\/a>; b) Donald Trump has been saying since 2017 how dangerous Qatar is in supporting terrorism[72]<\/a>; c) The fact that the US President recently changed his mind is due to the manipulation of a huge lobbying campaign by the Qatari government[73]<\/a>; d) French Senator Nathalie Goulet, known to be associated with Saudi Arabia[74]<\/a>, gave an interview to \u201cFoxNews<\/em>\u201d and reiterated Jason G's allegations[75]<\/a>; e) A British politician is quoted, Ian Paisley Jr., who head-on attacking the government of Qatar, which he defines as \"outrageous<\/em>\"[76]<\/a>, but forgets to mention that Paisley had to resign in 2008 for corruption[77]<\/a> and, subsequently re-elected, (due to his role as a lobbyist on behalf of Sri Lanka) was suspended for corruption[78]<\/a>; moreover, because of his hatred of ethnic minorities and homosexuality, Paisley is still an extremely controversial figure[79]<\/a>; f) The \"Die Zeit<\/em>\" investigation will be linked to the trial of some New York attorneys who represent the families of American soldiers who died in the Middle East[80]<\/a> and who filed criminal lawsuits against Qatar and some of its financial and charitable institutions in June 2020[81]<\/a>; g) and it is finally argued that the final proof of the correctness of this fairy tale comes from a testimony of an important character whose name is hidden: an official of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Berlin[82]<\/a>. This article was signed by Jonathan Spyer, one of the most famous Israeli commentators, who always tries to make credible the existence of a large anti-Semitic coalition led by Iran, Turkey and Qatar[83]<\/a>, as well as the existence of a Palestinian conspiracy led by Hamas, which could wipe Israel off the map and is even protected by the \"stupid forbearance<\/em>\" of the United Nations and many Western countries[84]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As usual, the Doha government is not responding to this campaign. And because of this, everyone who designs and manages it, is becoming more and more cocky, reckless, and direct. In this way, public opinion, particularly in Europe, Israel and the United States, is increasingly being led to believe that this small Gulf state is the epicenter of evil. And if we remember Saddam Hussein's Iraq and Muhammar Gaddafi's Libya, we all know what the military consequences of the propaganda campaign were.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Una rivista fondata nel 2012 dal giornalista freelance Javier Fernandez Arriba (https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a>), e controllata dalla Norte-Sur Media & Comunicacion SL Madrid, una societ\u00e0 editrice con un solo azionista, Javier Fernandez Arriba (http:\/\/www.infocif.es\/ficha-empresa\/norte-sur-media-comunicacion-sl<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/qatar-podr%C3%ADa-haber-financiado-hizbul%C3%A1-en-l%C3%ADbano<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> www.mediapart.fr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> www.glistatigenerali.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/javier-fern%C3%A1ndez-arribas-09844827\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.apmadrid.es\/nace-atalayar-entre-dos-orillas-una-revista-sobre-espana-y-el-magreb\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/quienes-somos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> http:\/\/www.apeuropeos.org\/patrocinadores\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/lvpdf.php?rlg=web_atalayar25.pdf<\/a>, page 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/53<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/71469<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.qatar-tribune.com\/news-details\/id\/63243<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/af.reuters.com\/article\/commoditiesNews\/idAFL5E7MO3X820111124<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-morocco-qatar-aid\/qatar-signs-aid-deal-worth-1-25-billion-for-morocco-idUSBRE9BR06520131228<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-gulf-qatar-morocco\/morocco-says-will-send-food-to-qatar-after-gulf-states-cut-ties-idUSKBN1940RD<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MTDyYovnBOs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2016\/09\/making-sense-tension-western-sahara-160914131548054.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nigrizia.it\/notizia\/equilibrio-instabile<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/mounib-le-pjd-se-finance-a-partir-du-qatar-et-de-l-arabie-saoudite<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/fr.hespress.com\/70989-el-othmani-le-pjd-na-aucun-lien-privilegie-avec-le-qatar-ou-la-turquie.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> http:\/\/ibiworld.eu\/fr\/2020\/07\/27\/la-haine-indomptable-du-converti\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zeit.de\/politik\/2020-07\/katar-finanzierung-hisbollah-vorwuerfe\/komplettansicht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.stern.de\/p\/plus\/politik-wirtschaft\/ein-geheimdienstmann--der-pr-berater-und-die-frage--wer-vom-schweigegeld-profitieren-wollte-9345952.html<\/a> saved as Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/de.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarabct.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/alarab.co.uk\/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D8%A9<\/a> ; https:\/\/arb.majalla.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/699<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/09\/03\/world\/asia\/rev-sun-myung-moon-founder-of-unification-church-dies-at-92.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Ein Geheimdienstmann, der PR-Berater und die Frage<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/taxonomy\/term\/44<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.infojobs.net\/henar-hernandez-1.prf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.alaan.tv\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/atalayar.com\/content\/c%C3%B3mo-qatar-y-los-hermanos-musulmanes-contribuyeron-al-programa-de-turqu%C3%ADa-en-libia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/indepth\/opinion\/2017\/06\/qatar-uae-libya-connection-170612080219306.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> http:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Documents\/FichasPais\/Libia_FICHA%20PAIS.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.repsol.com\/en\/repsol-worldwide\/index.cshtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/rocketreach.co\/mohamed-fituri-finstsmm-email_42238148<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a>, page 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/utrecht\/k67919553\/dolma-security-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.ngfg.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Statuten_NGFG.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/30594677\/privacy-publishing-group-bv.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/drimble.nl\/bedrijf\/bunnik\/27658783\/privaccount-privacy-accountability-management-software.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/romeo-kadir-968119100\/?originalSubdomain=nl<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> Romeo Kadir, \u201cDebt Security Interest Compliance: Legal Compliance Position of a Dutch Lender (mortgagee) in (structured) Lease of Aircraft (equipment) and Space Assets<\/em>\u201d, University of Leiden, Leiden 2008<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/opencorporates.com\/companies\/do\/130458<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> Romeo F. Kadir, \u201cCompliance, bonussen & corporate governance<\/em>: professionele kwaliteiten van corporate compliance<\/em>\u201d, Corporate Compliance Adademy Press, Leiden 2010<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/islamic-banking-institute-of-italy\/?originalSubdomain=it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/IBI-Islamic-Banking-Institute\/106429826059761<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Integrity Solutions in Finance Waddinxveen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> https:\/\/www.whois.com\/whois\/europarabct.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> https:\/\/www.hetzner.com\/unternehmen\/ueber-uns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iplocation.net\/ip-lookup<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8105<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> https:\/\/www.diereferenz-paris.com\/4208<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.lareference-paris.com\/8106<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/27\/avec-le-soutien-du-qatar-et-de-la-turquie-les-freres-musulmans-se-preparent-a-reproduire-le-modele-des-gardiens-de-la-revolution-iranienne-en-libye\/<\/a> ; http:\/\/www.leportail-centre.fr\/2020\/06\/21\/le-peuple-libyen-souffrant-al-sarraj-depose-4-milliards-de-usd-dans-la-banque-centrale-turque\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.mediapart.fr\/paolo-fusi\/blog\/200620\/boue-contre-le-qatar<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.glistatigenerali.com\/medio-oriente\/fango-sul-qatar\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.fr\/nathalie-goulet<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/evenement\/colloque\/col_ga_visages_arabie_saoudite.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7230787.stm<\/a> ; http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/uk_news\/northern_ireland\/7250877.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm201719\/cmselect\/cmstandards\/1397\/1397.pdf<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk\/news\/northern-ireland\/dup-lifts-ian-paisley-suspension-following-recall-sinn-feins-oneill-says-he-should-have-been-sacked-37337529.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ij7mBvFBPxk<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/theatre-dance\/news\/dup-opera-anti-gay-homosexuality-abomination-iris-robinson-northern-ireland-belfast-lyric-outburst-a8612956.html<\/a> ; https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/blogs\/ni\/2007\/05\/government_minister_repulsed_b.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/national-security\/lawsuit-alleges-qatar-secretly-financed-terror-attacks-that-killed-americans\/<\/a> ; https:\/\/freebeacon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-06-10-1-Compliant-Civil-Cover-Proposed-Summonses.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/world\/qatars-finance-of-hezbollah-terrorist-movement-puts-us-troops-at-risk-dossier-claims<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpost.com\/middle-east\/behind-the-lines-islamist-archipelago-the-turkey-qatar-nexus-602308<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> https:\/\/besacenter.org\/author\/jspyer\/#.XzB5gDVS_IU<\/a><\/p>\n","post_title":"False NGOs and Moroccan Agents in the Libyan war","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"false-ngos-and-moroccan-agents-in-the-libyan-war","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_modified_gmt":"2025-02-02 08:36:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/dctransparency.com\/?p=4181","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"next":false,"prev":true,"total_page":62},"paged":1,"column_class":"jeg_col_2o3","class":"epic_block_3"};

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